Computer :
An electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.
Components of computer:-
1. Hardware - physical component of the computer which we can touch and feel.
EX - mouse , keyboard
2. Software - set of instructions which tells computer what to do and how to do.
3. Data - collection of values or raw facts which are provided as input to the computer then process to generate meaning full information.
CPU:
Central processing unit (CPU), principal part of any digital computer system, generally composed of the main memory, control unit, and arithmetic-logic unit.
1. In computer input unit is defined as an input device, a piece of computer hardware apparatus used to supply a data processing system including a computer or information device with control and data signals.
2. An output device is something you connect to a computer that has information sent to it.
3. Memory unit is the amount of data that can be stored in the storage unit. This storage capacity is expressed in terms of Bytes.
4. control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic logic unit and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have been sent to the processor.
5. In computing, an arithmetic logic unit is a combinational digital circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers. This is in contrast to a floating-point unit, which operates on floating point numbers.
Memory unit :-
1. Primary memory - is computer memory that is accessed directly by the CPU.
- Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) is a type of semiconductor memory that is typically used for the data or program code needed by a computer processor to function
- Static random-access memory (static RAM or SRAM) is a type of random-access memory (RAM) that uses latching circuitry (flip-flop) to store each bit.
- RDRAM (Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory) is a memory subsystem that promises to transfer up to 1.6 billion bytes per second. The subsystem consists of the random access memory (RAM), the RAM controller, and the bus (path) connecting RAM to the microprocessor and devices in the computer that use it.
2. Secondary memory - Secondary memory refers to storage devices, such as hard drives and solid state drives.
- A programmable read-only memory (PROM) is a form of digital memory where the setting of each bit is locked by a fuse or antifuse
- An EPROM (rarely EROM), or erasable programmable read-only memory, is a type of programmable read-only memory (PROM) chip that retains its data when its power supply is switched off.
- EEPROM (also E2PROM) stands for electrically erasable programmable read-only memory and is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers, integrated in microcontrollers for smart cards and remote keyless systems, and other electronic devices to store relatively small amounts of data by allowing individual bytes to be.